These days, Australian businesses are more connected globally than ever before. We’re buying and selling goods across borders, which is fantastic for growth, but it also means we’re dealing with some pretty complex logistics. This is especially true when dealing with dangerous goods. Dangerous goods are basically anything that can pose a risk during transport. For example flammable liquids, corrosives, explosives, even things like lithium batteries. And it’s not just about big explosions; even a small spill or leak can cause serious problems for people, the environment, and property.
If you’re new to the world of dangerous goods, you might want to check out our helpful guide, “A Guide to Shipping Dangerous Goods: Everything You Need to Know“. This article provides a solid foundation on the basics of dangerous goods, including classification, packaging, and labeling.
But when it comes to actually shipping those goods, the key to managing the risks is the Dangerous Goods Declaration, or DGD. This document is like a vital instruction manual for everyone handling the shipment. Specifically, it explains the dangers involved. Moreover, it tells people how to handle the goods safely. A correct DGD isn’t just good practice, it’s absolutely essential. In other words, it’s about keeping everyone safe, staying on the right side of the law, and making sure your goods actually get where they need to go without a hitch. Additionally, errors or missing information on a DGD can lead to big fines, costly delays at customs, and even legal trouble.
This article, therefore, is your go-to guide for navigating the dangerous goods declaration process. It’s written especially for Australian businesses trading across borders. We’ll break down the ins and outs of what’s required, how it all works for different types of transport. Also we give you the practical know-how to ship your dangerous goods safely and compliantly.
What is a Dangerous Goods Declaration?
So, what exactly is a Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD)? Think of it as a complete “information passport” for your hazardous cargo. In other words, it’s a legally required document that provides detailed information about the dangerous goods being shipped. Also it allows everyone involved in the transport chain to understand the risks and take appropriate safety steps. Eventually, it’s core purpose is to clearly and accurately explain the nature of the hazard. This, in turn, allows for safe handling, storage, and transport.
The DGD, however, isn’t just a piece of paperwork; it’s a critical communication tool. It also plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of everyone who comes into contact with the shipment. For example, this includes the shipper who prepares the goods, the freight forwarder who arranges the transport, the carrier (whether it’s a truck driver, ship crew, or airline pilot). Also, it includes the handlers who load and unload. Likewise, it includes customs officials who check it. And, importantly, it includes emergency responders, who might need to deal with an incident. In short, the DGD provides essential information for quick and effective action in case of a spill, leak, fire, or other emergency. While the specific format can vary slightly depending on the mode of transport (sea, air, or land), a typical DGD will include key sections like these:
Key sections of DGD
- Shipper and Consignee Information. Firstly, details about who is sending and receiving the goods.
- Proper Shipping Name (PSN) and UN Number. Secondly, the standardised name and identification number assigned to the specific dangerous good. Also this is crucial for quick identification and reference to safety data.
- Hazard Class and Division. Thirdly, a classification system that categorises dangerous goods based on their primary hazard. For example, flammable liquids, corrosives, explosives.
- Packing Group. Indicates the degree of danger within a hazard class.
- Subsidiary Risks. Any extra dangers from the goods. For example, a flammable liquid that’s also toxic.
- Quantity and Type of Packaging. Details about the amount of dangerous goods being shipped and how it’s packaged.
- Technical Name (if required). The specific chemical name of the substance, which may be required in addition to the PSN.
- Emergency Contact Information. Contact details for someone who can provide expert information about the dangerous goods in case of an emergency.
- Certification and Signature. Lastly, a declaration by the shipper certifying that the information provided is accurate. Also it confirms that the shipment follows all applicable regulations.
Moreover, it’s important to note that this is a simplified overview. We’ll delve into the specific requirements for each section and mode of transport later in this article. For now, just remember that the DGD is your shipment’s essential “hazard passport,” and accuracy is absolutely paramount.
When is a Dangerous Goods Declaration Required?
A Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD) is mandatory whenever you’re shipping dangerous goods. So it is not optional. In other words, if your shipment contains any material classified as dangerous, regardless of the quantity (with a few very specific exceptions we’ll get to), you must complete a DGD. Generally, this applies to all modes of transport – sea, air, road, and rail – both within Australia and for international shipments.
Nevertheless, some situations do not require a full DGD. Particularly, these involve “excepted quantities” and “limited quantities.” Essentially, these provisions cover small amounts of certain dangerous goods that pose a minimal risk.
• Excepted Quantities.
These are very small amounts of specific dangerous goods that are packaged in a particular way. Additionally they pose such a low risk that they are exempt from most of the dangerous goods transport regulations. For example, one of the exemptions is requirement for a full DGD. However, there are still some packaging and labeling requirements, and a simplified form of documentation may be required. Moreover, excepted quantities are strictly regulated, and the allowances are very small.
• Limited Quantities.
These involve slightly larger amounts of certain dangerous goods than excepted quantities, again, packaged in a specific way. Consequently, they represent a low risk, but not as low as excepted quantities. Moreover, limited quantities still require some form of documentation and labeling, but the requirements are less strict than those for a full DGD. However, they might not need a full DGD, but they still have to be identified on the transport documentation. Although the requirements are reduced, it remains necessary to follow all labeling and packaging rules carefully.
Furthermore, it’s crucial to understand that not all dangerous goods qualify for excepted or limited quantity provisions. Generally the regulations are very specific about which substances are eligible and the maximum allowable amounts. So don’t assume your shipment qualifies; always check the relevant regulations (ADG Code, IMDG Code, IATA DGR) to be sure.
Mode-Specific Requirements
While the core rule for declaring dangerous goods stays the same across transport modes, some requirements and documents differ.
- Sea (IMDG Code). Maritime transport follows its own set of rules, primarily governed by the IMDG Code. Additionally, the DGD for sea freight might include specific fields related to stowage and segregation requirements on board the vessel.
- Air (IATA DGR). Air transport has the strictest rules regarding which dangerous goods are allowed and the quantities that can be shipped. Furthermore, the IATA DGR outlines detailed requirements for packaging, labeling, and documentation. The DGD for air freight must reflect these specific needs. For instance, some dangerous goods are entirely forbidden on passenger aircraft.
- Road (ADG Code). Within Australia, road transport of dangerous goods is regulated by the ADG Code. Therefore, the DGD for road transport must comply with these regulations. In addition, there might be specific requirements related to vehicle placarding and driver training.
- Rail (ADG Code). Similarly, rail transport follows the ADG Code, and the DGD must comply with these regulations.
What are the Requirements for a DG Declaration?
Let’s break down the essential details required on a Dangerous Goods Declaration. Above all, accuracy is crucial because even small mistakes can cause serious issues. Think of it this way, each detail is part of a puzzle, where everything must fit to ensure a safe shipment.
• Proper Shipping Name (PSN).
Firstly, this is the official name of the dangerous good, as recognised by international regulations. In other words, it is not the common or trade name but the specific transport designation. For instance, instead of “petrol,” the PSN would be “UN1203, Gasoline.”
• UN Number.
Secondly, UN Number, is a four-digit identification number assigned by the United Nations to each dangerous good. Similarly, it acts like a unique ID for the substance. As mentioned before, in the “petrol” example, the UN number is 1203. Most importantly, the UN Number and PSN must always appear together.
• Hazard Class and Division.
Thirdly, dangerous goods fall into nine hazard classes, based on their primary risks. Additionally, some classes have divisions for further classification. For example, Class 3 includes flammable liquids, divided based on their flammability level. As a result, this classification determines how the goods must be handled and stored.
• Packing Group.
Additionally, packing group indicates the level of danger within a hazard class. To clarify, there are three packing groups: I (great danger), II (medium danger), and III (minor danger). Because of this, Packing Group I requires the strictest packaging and handling procedures.
• Subsidiary Risks.
Moreover, sometimes, a dangerous good has multiple hazards. Therefore, these extra risks are called subsidiary risks. For instance, a substance might be flammable and toxic. Consequently, these risks must be declared on the DGD.
• Quantity and Type of Packaging.
Furthermore, the DGD must specify the amount of dangerous goods shipped and the type of packaging used. In addition, different packaging rules apply based on the substance and its quantity. This means that regulations are very specific about these details.
• Technical Name (if required).
Also in some cases, the chemical name must be included alongside the PSN. Specifically, this applies when the PSN alone does not fully describe the substance.
• Emergency Contact Information.
Moreover, provide contact details for a person who is knowledgeable about the dangerous goods and can be reached in case of an emergency. This should be someone who can provide immediate advice and information.
• Shipper's and Consignee's Details.
Lastly, carefully read the certification statement, which confirms that the information provided is accurate and that the shipment complies with all applicable regulations. Then the shipper (or a designated representative) must sign and date the DGD. This is a legal declaration.
• Certification and Signature.
Lastly, the shipper or a designated representative must sign the DGD, confirming the details are accurate. Moreover, this signature legally certifies that the shipment follows all applicable regulations.
These requirements follow both Australian and international regulations. For instance, the Australian Dangerous Goods Code (ADG Code) aligns with international standards. Meanwhile, for sea transport, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code applies. Finally, for air freight, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) are mandatory.
How to Fill Out a Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods?
Filling out a Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods (DGD) may seem tough. However, breaking it down step by step makes it simpler. Remember, accuracy is essential. Additionally, this document is a legal declaration, and mistakes can have serious consequences. Let’s go through the process:
• Obtain the Correct Form.
The DGD form varies slightly depending on the transport method (sea, air, or road/rail). So be sure to use the correct version. For example, for air freight, use the IATA DGR form. For sea freight, it’s often based on the IMDG Code format. Moreover, road and rail transport in Australia typically use forms aligned with the ADG Code. These are usually provided by freight forwarders.
• Shipper and Consignee Details.
Start by filling in the full name, address, and contact information of both the shipper (the person or company sending the goods) and the consignee (the person or company receiving them). Then double-check these details for accuracy.
• Dangerous Goods Description.
Undoubtedly, this is the most critical section. Here’s where you provide the specifics about the hazardous cargo:
- Proper Shipping Name (PSN) and UN Number. Firsly, enter the correct PSN and UN number for the dangerous good. These must match exactly what’s in the regulations. Do not use trade names or common names.
- Hazard Class and Division. Secondly, specify the hazard class and division (if applicable) of the dangerous good.
- Packing Group. Thirdly, indicate the packing group (I, II, or III) if assigned.
- Subsidiary Risks. Additionally, if the dangerous good has any subsidiary risks, list them here.
- Quantity and Type of Packaging. Moreover, state the quantity of dangerous goods being shipped. Then describe the type of packaging used (e.g., drums, boxes, cylinders). Also be precise about the number of packages and the net weight or volume of the dangerous goods in each package.
- Technical Name (if required). Lastly, if the PSN doesn’t fully describe the chemical composition, provide the technical name.
• Additional Information.
Depending on the specific dangerous good and mode of transport, you may need to provide additional information, such as flashpoint (for flammable liquids), specific gravity, or other relevant properties.
• Emergency Contact Information.
Moreover, provide contact details for a person who is knowledgeable about the dangerous goods and can be reached in case of an emergency. This should be someone who can provide immediate advice and information.
• Certification and Signature.
Lastly, carefully read the certification statement, which confirms that the information provided is accurate and that the shipment complies with all applicable regulations. Then the shipper (or a designated representative) must sign and date the DGD. This is a legal declaration.
Practical Tips and Best Practices:
- Accuracy is Key. Firstly, double-check every piece of information on the DGD. Because, even small errors can lead to delays, fines, or even accidents.
- Legibility Matters. Secondly, ensure the DGD is legible. Also use clear handwriting or, even better, type the information.
- Consistency is Crucial. Thirdly, be consistent with the terminology and formatting used throughout the DGD.
- Refer to the Regulations. Additionally, always consult the relevant regulations (ADG Code, IMDG Code, IATA DGR) to ensure you’re providing the correct information.
- Use Checklists. Moreover, create checklists to help you ensure that you’ve included all the required information.
- Seek Expert Advice. Finally, if you’re unsure about anything, don’t hesitate to consult with a dangerous goods freight forwarder.
Consequences of Errors or Omissions:
Errors or omissions on a DGD can have serious consequences:
- Delays. Firstly, incorrect or incomplete DGDs can cause delays in shipping. So customs officials or carriers may need to hold the shipment until the issues are resolved.
- Fines. Secondly, providing false or misleading information on a DGD can result in significant fines.
- Legal Action. Thirdly, in serious cases, errors or omissions on a DGD can lead to legal action.
- Safety Risks. Lastly, inaccurate information can lead to improper handling and stowage, increasing the risk of accidents.
Dangerous Goods Declaration for Ocean Freight
Shipping dangerous goods by sea involves a specific set of rules and procedures, primarily governed by the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code. In fact, this globally recognised code ensures the safe transport of dangerous goods by water. It focuses on the safety of ships, crews, and the marine environment. Thus, it is crucial for Australian businesses exporting or importing dangerous goods by sea to understand the IMDG Code fully.
The Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD) for ocean freight must meet IMDG Code standards. To clarify, while the basic details remain the same as for other transport methods (PSN, UN Number, Hazard Class, etc.), there are specific rules for sea shipments:
• IMDG Code Compliance.
Firstly, the DGD must clearly state that the shipment complies with the IMDG Code. This is a crucial declaration, confirming that the goods are packaged, labeled, and documented according to the code’s standards.
• Containerised Cargo.
Secondly, a significant portion of dangerous goods transported by sea is shipped in containers. So for containerised cargo, the DGD must include information about the container identification number, the type of container, and the packing certificate (if required). Also the container must be properly marked and labeled with the appropriate placards and markings indicating the dangerous goods within.
• Breakbulk Cargo.
Thirdly, breakbulk cargo refers to goods that are not containerised and are loaded directly onto the ship. For breakbulk shipments of dangerous goods, the DGD must provide detailed information about the packaging of each individual item. For example, this includes the type of packaging, the number of packages, and the weight or volume of each package.
• Stowage and Segregation.
Moreover, one of the most critical aspects of transporting dangerous goods by sea is stowage and segregation. As a result, the IMDG Code provides strict rules about where different types of dangerous goods can be stowed on board a vessel. It also specifies which substances must be kept apart to avoid dangerous reactions. So this is to prevent dangerous reactions or cross-contamination. The DGD also may need to include information about the proposed stowage location on the ship.
• Marine Pollutants.
Furthermore, some dangerous goods are also classified as marine pollutants. In other words they can cause significant harm to the marine environment. So if your shipment includes marine pollutants, this must be clearly indicated on the DGD.
• Emergency Procedures.
Lastly, the DGD should include information about emergency procedures in case of an incident at sea. For example this includes contact information for emergency responders. As long as details about the appropriate actions to take in different scenarios.
Documentation for Ocean Freight:
In addition to the DGD, other documents may be required for ocean shipments of dangerous goods, including:
- Cargo Manifest: This document lists all the cargo on board the ship, including details about the dangerous goods.
- Bill of Lading: This is a document issued by the carrier acknowledging receipt of the cargo.
- Packing Certificate: This certificate confirms that the dangerous goods have been properly packed and secured in the container. As a result, this is often required for containerised shipments.
Key Considerations:
- Staying Updated. Firstly, the IMDG Code is regularly updated, so it’s crucial to ensure you’re using the latest version.
- Training. Secondly, personnel involved in the handling and transport of dangerous goods by sea must receive appropriate training on the IMDG Code and relevant regulations.
- Expert Advice. Thirdly, if you’re unsure about any aspect of shipping dangerous goods by sea, it’s always best to seek expert advice from a freight forwarder or dangerous goods consultant.
Dangerous Goods Declaration for Air Freight
Air freighting dangerous goods is a different ball game compared to ocean shipping. In fact, it’s subject to even stricter regulations due to the unique challenges and risks associated with air transport. The primary rules governing dangerous goods by air are the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). These regulations are mandatory for all airlines and govern every aspect of dangerous goods transportation by air.
The Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD) for air freight has some key differences from the DGD used for sea or road transport. Although this may be true, the core information (PSN, UN Number, Hazard Class, etc.) remains the same. However, the format and some specific data points are unique to air shipments. The IATA DGR provides a standardised DGD form that must be used.
Key Differences and Requirements for Air Freight:
- IATA DGR Compliance. Firstly, the air freight DGD must explicitly state compliance with the current edition of the IATA DGR. This time, this is a non-negotiable requirement.
- Restrictions. Secondly, air transport has the most stringent restrictions on what dangerous goods can be carried. For example, many substances that are routinely shipped by sea or road are completely forbidden on passenger aircraft and may even be restricted on cargo aircraft. So the IATA DGR provides a detailed list of prohibited and restricted items.
- Packaging. Thirdly, packaging requirements for air shipments are extremely strict. For that reason, the IATA DGR sets out detailed specifications for packaging designed to withstand the pressures and temperatures encountered during air travel. So packaging must be certified and marked according to these regulations.
- Labeling and Marking. Moreover, labeling and marking requirements are also very specific. In this case, packages must be labeled with the correct hazard labels, handling labels, and any other markings required by the IATA DGR.
- Documentation. In addition to the DGD, other documentation may be required for air shipments. For instance, a Shipper’s Certification for Live Animals (if applicable) or other specific documents depending on the nature of the dangerous goods.
- Limited Quantities and Excepted Quantities. Finally, while limited and excepted quantities exist for air transport, the allowances are generally much smaller than for other modes. As a result, the IATA DGR outlines the specific requirements and restrictions for these shipments.
Comparing Ocean and Air Freight DGDs:
Here’s a quick comparison highlighting the key differences between ocean and air freight DGDs:
Feature | Ocean Freight (IMDG Code) | Air Freight (IATA DGR) |
Governing Rules | IMDG Code | IATA DGR |
Form | Can vary slightly but generally follows | Standardised IATA DGR form must be used |
Restrictions | Fewer restrictions on types of goods | Many more restrictions; some goods completely prohibited |
Packaging | Specific requirements but generally less | Extremely strict and detailed packaging requirements |
Labeling | Specific requirements, must comply | Very specific requirements, must comply with IATA DGR |
Stowage/Segregation | Critical consideration, rules for on-board | Less of a concern for passenger aircraft, more for cargo aircraft |
Speed | Slower transit times | Faster transit times |
Cost | Generally lower cost | Generally higher cost |
Key Takeaways for Air Freight:
- IATA DGR is King. Firstly, the IATA DGR is the definitive guide for shipping dangerous goods by air. You must comply with its requirements.
- Restrictions are Stricter. Secondly, be prepared for more restrictions on what you can ship by air.
- Packaging is Paramount. Thirdly, invest in proper packaging that meets the stringent IATA DGR standards.
- Training is Essential: Personnel involved in air freight of dangerous goods must receive appropriate training on the IATA DGR.
Dangerous Goods Declaration for Road and Rail Transport
Shipping dangerous goods by road and rail within Australia is governed by the Australian Dangerous Goods Code (ADG Code). Specifically, this code sets the rules for safe inland transport. Consequently, Australian businesses involved in domestic transport of dangerous goods must comply with the ADG Code. Furthermore, while much of the core DGD information aligns with international standards (like PSN, UN Number, Hazard Class), road and rail transport have distinct requirements:
• ADG Code Compliance.
Firstly, the DGD must adhere to the ADG Code. This confirms that the goods are correctly classified, packaged, labeled, and documented for Australian road and rail networks.
• Vehicle Placarding/Wagon Identification.
Additionally, road transport requires vehicles to display placards indicating the dangerous goods being carried. Similarly, rail transport uses wagon identification systems. These markings are linked to the DGD information.
• Driver/Personnel Qualifications.
Moreover, road transport demands that drivers have specific licenses and training for handling dangerous goods. Likewise, rail personnel must also meet competency standards. These qualifications, while not directly on the DGD, underpin the safe handling of dangerous goods.
• Emergency Procedures.
Furthermore, while general emergency procedures are similar, road and rail transport have unique considerations. For example, these might involve contacting local emergency services or managing incidents at level crossings (for rail). The DGD may reference these specific procedures.
• Documentation.
Finally, while the core DGD information remains consistent, road and rail transport may have specific documentation requirements. For instance, this could include consignment notes for road or rail transport documents.
It’s important to note that while the ADG Code forms the basis for both road and rail transport, practical differences exist due to the nature of each mode. Therefore, it’s crucial to consult the ADG Code directly or work with a transport professional to ensure full compliance.
Conclusion
We’ve covered a lot of ground in this guide to Dangerous Goods Declarations (DGDs), so let’s recap the key takeaways. Shipping dangerous goods, whether it’s across the country or across the globe, is a complex undertaking. The DGD is absolutely central to this process. It’s not just a form; it’s a critical communication tool that ensures everyone involved understands the risks and can take the necessary precautions. Accurate and compliant DGDs are essential for three key reasons: safety, legal compliance, and efficient shipping.
Getting it wrong can have serious consequences. Inaccurate or incomplete DGDs can lead to significant delays at customs, hefty fines for non-compliance with both Australian and international regulations, and, most importantly, pose serious safety risks to personnel, the public, and the environment. Moreover, in the worst-case scenario, inaccurate declarations can even lead to legal action.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed or unsure about any aspect of dangerous goods shipping, don’t hesitate to seek professional advice. Getting it right is crucial, and the cost of expert help is far less than the potential cost of errors or non-compliance. If you need assistance or professional help with hazardous goods shipping and customs clearance, contact GenFreight. We’re here to help you navigate the complexities of dangerous goods transport and ensure your shipments arrive safely and on time.